French Imperial Ambition, 1861-1867
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"Entre los individuos, como entre las naciones, el respeto al derecho ajeno es la paz"
Plano de la Batalla que tuvo lugar el día 5 de Mayo de 1862
En los suburbios de la ciudad de Puebla, entre las fuerzas mexicanas y las francesas, que fueron rechazadas al emprender el asalto del cerro de Guadalupe
After Mexico declared a moratorium on its foreign debt in 1861, France, along with Britain and Spain, intervened militarily in Mexican territory under the disguise of protecting European interests. While the latter two countries quickly withdrew, France pushed further, hoping to create a Latin Catholic empire that would challenge the rising power of the United States. Napoleon III’s forces took control of Veracruz and eventually captured Mexico City, installing the Austrian Archduke Maximilian as emperor in 1864.
The following maps reflect both the imperial ambitions of France and the resistance of Mexico. France’s Alexandre Vuillemin’s Nouvelle Carte Physique et Politique du Mexique (1863) shows Mexico as a land to be conquered and controlled, reinforcing the French military’s power. On the other side, maps produced by the Mexican government, such as the Plano de la Batalla del 5 de Mayo de 1862 and the Croquis del Combate de Barranca Seca, document Mexican victories and highlight those who betrayed the country by supporting the invaders. These maps were created by the Ministerio de Justicia y Fomento to assert Mexico’s sovereignty through precise cartography.
In the end, the French intervention ended with Maximilian’s execution in 1867 and the restoration of the Mexican Republic under Benito Juárez.
References
Pola, Á. (1905). Discursos y manifiestos de Benito Juárez (Vol. 2) https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=OBT01Dmrv50C&dq=voluntad+caprichosa%2C+sino+con+sujeci%C3%B3n+a+las+leyes&q=Respeto+al+derecho+ajeno#v=snippet&q=Respeto%20al%20derecho%20ajeno&f=false
The Armchair Historian. (2020, March 13). How did France lose in Mexico? | Animated History [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/ae9GD6cjiQs
Basch, S. (1870) Recuerdos de México, memorias del médico ordinario del emperador Maximiliano.
Rocha, S. (1982) Apuntes históricos sobre el sitio de Querétaro, México, Porrúa.



